高考已经结束，人工智能专业再上热门，“高薪”“前景好”“地位高”成为人工智能的标签。大热之下，人工智能专业的这些问题还需引起重视：
一是高校“鱼龙混杂”抢占风水宝地。大数据显示，“人工智能”贯穿2020全年，占据高校热门专业榜第一。2019年至今，国内开设人工智能专业的学校已经达到345所，其中获得教育部批复人工智能首批新专业建设资格的高校215所，仅占比62%。一方面，各高校开设的人工智能专业混杂，无统一标准，人工智能是典型的交叉学科，高尖端人才需要扎实的基础学科知识，培养这类人才需要高校本身据有良好的数学类、计算机类支撑。而据调查显示，人工智能学院建设过程中都不同程度地有师资短缺、师资整合不力、课程体系不明晰等问题。另一方面，人工智能专业与智能科学专业以及智能制造、智能交通等“智能+”专业概念极易混淆，从而误导考生专业选择，影响专业人才培养。
二是市场“供不应求”掩盖辛酸事实。日前，深圳市人工智能行业协会发布的《2021人工智能发展白皮书》指出：2020年，中国人工智能核心产业规模达到3251亿元，中国人工智能相关领域从业人员突破60万，但人才仍然缺乏。书中指出，结合多重因素，预计2025年，我国人工智能相关产业规模将超过3万亿元，每年人才需求也将成指数倍增长。然而，一项对27所高校人工智能学院的调查研究显示，人工智能专业学生在人才市场的供需状况，有6所高校（占比22%）反映本校培养的人工智能人才供大于求，有8所高校（占比30%）反映本校培养的人工智能人才供求相当，这与当前人工智能人才严重不足的观点有很大出入。
三是新人“前赴后继”加剧激烈竞争。一方面，高薪诱惑让人心驰神往。招聘网站Indeed调研显示，人工智能相关的机器学习工程师、数据科学家、计算机视觉工程师、数据库构建师、算法工程师，位列年薪榜首，其中机器学习工程师的平均年薪为14.2858万美元。而国内互联网头部企业和部分独角兽企业的校招，开出年薪普遍在35万以上。另一方面，岗位要求水涨船高。核心算法岗位竞争愈发激烈，2020年国内人工智能头部企业依图科技，校园招聘的岗位招录比超过100:1，数据显示，人工智能独角兽企业算法岗应届生招录，211以下学校学生占比不足5%。
为此，建议：
一是高校应综合考虑自身实力，合理开设人工智能专业，不能为招生不顾后果，降低教学标准。应更加重视基础性和复合性人才培养，在基础教育投入更多资源，加强基础研究支持力度，为人工智能可持续发展注入源动力。
二是主流媒体应客观理性报告，分析人工智能岗位深度需求，真实展现岗位所需专业水准和技术要求，不应落入宣传陷阱，博人眼球鼓吹热门。
三是考生应深思熟虑合理选择，人工智能专业需要扎实的基础数学、计算机知识，要大量的知识和实践积累，面对激烈的竞争应当理性选择专业。
以上是小文智能转自腾讯自媒体人工智能的相关报道。小文智能致力于用AI技术解放劳动力，做大众认知与认可的好产品，推进AI科技改善生活。自上线以来，不断提升技术、强化功能、优化产品，实现了持续高质量发展，业务量呈几何级增长，目前，全国上千家企业与小文智能达成合作，累计为客户节约运营成本超千万元。小文智能细心聆听客户的意愿，并结合技术专长和资源，为他们提供卓越的智能语音解决方案，从而帮助他们实现企业智能化转型，创造更多价值。
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