近日,中国信息通信研究院发布《人工智能白皮书(2022年)》(以下简称《白皮书》),全面回顾了2021年以来全球人工智能在政策、技术、应用和治理等方面的最新动向,重点分析了人工智能面临的新发展形势。
各国不断升级人工智能战略
在新科技革命和产业变革的大背景下,人工智能与产业深度融合,是释放数字化叠加倍增效应、加快战略新型产业发展、构筑综合竞争优势的必然选择。
自2016年起,先后有40余个国家和地区将推动人工智能发展上升到国家战略高度。近两年来,特别是新冠肺炎疫情的冲击下,越来越多国家认识到,人工智能对提升全球竞争力具有关键作用,纷纷深化人工智能战略。
为全面重塑数字时代全球影响力,欧盟发布《2030数字化指南:欧洲数字十年》《升级2020新工业战略》等,将推动人工智能发展列为重要工作。
为确保“领头羊”地位,美国陆续成立国家人工智能倡议办公室、国家AI研究资源工作组等机构,各部门密集出台系列政策,将人工智能提到“未来产业”和“未来技术”领域的高度,不断巩固和提升美国在人工智能领域的全球竞争力。
我国《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要的建议》指出,要瞄准人工智能等前沿领域,实施一批具有前瞻性、战略性重大科技项目,推动数字经济发展。
世界主要经济体创新投资加码
当人工智能成为科技创新的关键领域和数字经济时代的重要支柱,世界各主要经济体面向人工智能领域创新需求的投资不断加大。
欧盟有史以来最大的支持研发和创新项目“地平线欧洲”计划总投资额达955亿欧元,明确将人工智能列入资金支持范围;2021年4月,欧盟以条例的形式通过“数字欧洲计划”,对包括人工智能在内的项目进行投资,总额达75.9亿欧元。
美国2021年人工智能非国防预算增加约30%,总额达15亿美元;《美国创新与竞争法案》中,将人工智能、量子计算等列为2022财年美国研发预算优先事项,未来将对包括人工智能在内的多个领域投入1000亿美元进行研发。
英国将投资和规划人工智能生态系统作为长期战略,启动国家人工智能研究与创新计划,支持人工智能先进研究等。据统计,2014年到2021年其对人工智能的投资已经超过23亿英镑。
与此同时,通过应用牵引推动人工智能技术落地成为各国共识。2021年7月,美国国家科学基金会联合多个部门和知名企业等,新成立11个国家人工智能研究机构,研究项目涵盖建筑、医疗、生物、电气、教育、能源等多个领域。为促进人工智能的广泛应用,英国启动人工智能办公室和英国研究与创新局联合计划等,确保人工智能惠及所有行业和地区。
我国“十四五”规划纲要明确要大力发展人工智能产业,打造人工智能产业集群以及深入赋能传统行业成为重点。
2021年4月,工信部支持创建北京、天津(滨海新区)、杭州、广州、成都等第二批国家人工智能创新应用先导区;科技部支持建设多个人工智能创新发展试验区,陆续批复北京、上海、天津、深圳、杭州等15个国家新一代人工智能创新发展试验区。
遵循坐标走好未来发展之路
自1956年诞生以来,人工智能相关理论和技术持续演进,近10年来,得益于深度学习等算法的突破、算力不断提升及海量数据的持续积累,人工智能得以真正大范围从实验室研究走向产业实践。
《白皮书》指出,人工智能接下来的持续健康发展,将由“技术创新、工程实践和可信安全”这一三维坐标定义和牵引。
人工智能技术创新仍是主旋律,新算法不断涌现。
超大规模预训练模型推动技术效果不断提升,继续朝着规模更大、模态更多的方向发展;“生成式人工智能”技术不断成熟,未来听、说、读、写等能力将有机结合;知识计算成为推动人工智能从感知智能向认知智能转变的重要探索;人工智能与科学研究融合不断深入,开始颠覆传统研究范式。
人工智能工程化聚焦工具体系、开发流程、模型管理全生命流程的高效耦合。
工具体系层面,体系化与开放化成为研发平台技术工具链的发展特点;开发流程层面,工程化关注人工智能模型开发的生命流程,追求高效且标准化的持续生产、持续交付和持续部署,最终以最佳的模型进入应用层面产生商业价值;模型管理层面,企业需要建设对模型生命周期的管理机制,对模型的版本历程、性能表现、属性、相关数据、衍生的模型档案等进行标准化的管理运维。
人工智能治理迈入软硬法协同和场景规制新阶段。
各国人工智能治理侧重各有不同,但整体上呈现加速演进态势,即从初期构建以“软法”为导向的社会规范体系,开始推进以“硬法”为保障的风险防控体系。典型场景化治理加速落地,各国纷纷注意到人工智能应用场景多样化和差异化给治理带来的复杂性,典型场景的治理成为各国的工作重点,特别聚焦于自动驾驶、智慧医疗和人脸识别等领域。(内容摘自网络。侵删)
以上就是小文智能关于人工智能发展新阶段的介绍。小文智能致力于用AI技术解放劳动力,做大众认知与认可的好产品,推进AI科技改善生活。自上线以来,不断提升技术、强化功能、优化产品,实现了持续高质量发展,业务量呈几何级增长,目前,全国上千家企业与小文智能达成合作,累计为客户节约运营成本超千万元。小文智能细心聆听客户的意愿,并结合技术专长和资源,为他们提供卓越的智能语音解决方案,从而帮助他们实现企业智能化转型,创造更多价值。有需要了解智能外呼系统的可以联系我们。
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